Cancer is a mutation that triggers the rapid multiplication of healthy cells, leading to tissue damage in the affected area. Cancer in the prostate can cause bladder damage, although it’s important to note that not all cases of prostate cancer will lead to bladder damage. The damage’s extent depends on many factors, including the cancer’s stage, location, and the individual’s overall health. Here are some ways in which prostate cancer can lead to bladder damage.
Tumor Growth
Prostate cancer typically originates in the prostate gland located near the base of the bladder. As the cancer cells multiply and form a tumor triggered by the uncontrolled mutation, they can press against the bladder. This pressure leads to bladder irritation, reduced capacity, and difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
Invasion of the Bladder
In advanced prostate cancer, the cancer cells may invade the bladder or nearby structures, such as the urethra. This invasion can physically damage the bladder walls, causing inflammation and reducing bladder function.
Obstruction of the Urethra
The prostate gland mainly surrounds the urethra, a tube from where urine flows out of the bladder. As prostate cancer progresses, it can cause the prostate to enlarge (a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH), or cancerous tissue can obstruct the urethra directly. This results in urinary retention, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and backflow of urine into the bladder, potentially causing bladder damage over time.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is a prevalent treatment for prostate cancer. While it can effectively target and destroy cancer cells, it may also damage nearby healthy tissue, including the bladder. Radiation-induced damage can result in inflammation, scarring, and changes in bladder function. This problem will depend on the extent of the exposure and severity of the cancer.
Surgical Treatments
Surgical procedures for prostate cancer, such as radical prostatectomy, can sometimes lead to damage to the bladder or surrounding structures. While precautions are taken to minimize this risk, complications can occur.
The extent of bladder damage can vary from person to person, and not all individuals with prostate cancer will experience bladder problems. Symptoms of bladder damage may include frequent urination, urgency, weak urine flow, pain or discomfort during urination, blood in the urine, or difficulty emptying the bladder.
